GCSE Biology Formula Sheet
๐ GCSE Biology Formula Sheet with Examples
All key biology equations with examples to help your revision! ✅
๐ฑ Photosynthesis
Formula: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Example: Plants absorb carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen.๐งฌ Respiration
Aerobic: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O (+ energy)
Example: In cells, glucose is broken down with oxygen to release energy.
Anaerobic (Animals): Glucose → Lactic Acid
Example: In muscles during exercise, anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen.
Anaerobic (Yeast): Glucose → Ethanol + CO₂
Example: Used in fermentation for brewing and baking.๐ฉธ Circulatory & Transport
Blood Flow Rate: Rate = Volume of blood / Time
Example: If 300 cm³ of blood flows in 60 seconds, rate = 300 / 60 = 5 cm³/s.๐ฟ Plant Processes
Rate of Transpiration: Rate = Water loss / Time
Example: 10 g of water lost in 2 hours → 10 / 2 = 5 g/hour.๐ฅค Energy & Biomass Transfer
% Energy Transfer: (Energy Transferred / Total Energy) × 100
Example: 1000 J eaten, 100 J passed on → (100 / 1000) × 100 = 10%
% Efficiency of Biomass Transfer: (Biomass Transferred / Biomass Intake) × 100
Example: 200 g intake, 30 g used → (30 / 200) × 100 = 15%๐งช Practical Biology
Rate of Reaction: Rate = Product / Time
Example: 20 cm³ gas in 40 seconds → Rate = 0.5 cm³/s
Temperature Change (Respiration): ฮT = Final Temp - Initial Temp
Example: 26°C - 20°C = 6°C๐ฌ Microscopy & Cells
Magnification: Magnification = Image size / Actual size
Example: 20 mm image / 0.02 mm real size = 1000×
Field of View: Total FOV = Low Power FOV × (Low Mag / High Mag)
Example: 4 mm × (40/400) = 0.4 mm
Surface Area to Volume Ratio: SA:V = Surface Area / Volume
Example: Cube with 2 cm sides → SA = 24 cm², V = 8 cm³ → SA:V = 3๐ Percentage Change
Formula: % Change = (Change / Original) × 100
Example: Mass drops from 10 g to 8 g → % Change = (2 / 10) × 100 = 20%